Jump to content

List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia
Overview
Background
Organization
Autocephalous jurisdictions
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:


Autonomous jurisdictions

Semi-Autonomous:

Episcopal assemblies
Noncanonical jurisdictions
Ecumenical councils
  • Other possible ecumenical councils:
  • Other important councils:
History
Theology
Liturgy and worship
Liturgical calendar
  • The four fasting periods:
Major figures
Other topics

The following is a chronological list of bishops and ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople. The first 25 bishops are probably not historical figures, and the foundation of the See by Andrew the Apostle is almost certainly a later tradition.[a] The list is mostly based on the compilation made by Demetrius Kiminas,[4] but there is no single "official" numbering of bishops. The official website of the patriarchate has a list of holders but gives them no numeral.[5][b]

Bishops of Byzantium (until AD 330)

[edit]

Bishops/Patriarchs of Constantinople

[edit]

The official title of the bishop became "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and ecumenical patriarch" in the 6th century, but scholars often use the terms "archbishop" and "patriarch" for earlier bishops. The First Council of Constantinople (381) concluded that "the bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome," while the Council of Chalcedon (451) concluded that "the bishop of New Rome shall enjoy the same privileges as the bishop of Old Rome". Modern scholars use the term "patriarch" after either 381 or 451.[c] The chronology mostly follows Demetrius Kiminas (2009),[4] who mostly uses the dates established by Venance Grumel (1958).[9] See also the lists in the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (1991)[10] and the Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire (2015).[11]

330–450

[edit]
# Name Tenure Notes
27 St. Alexander May 330 – August 337
(7 years and 8 months)
28 St. Paul I the Confessor 337–339
(2 years) 		Deposed and exiled
(see Arian controversy)
29 Eusebius 339–341
(2 years) 		Arian; baptised Constantine I in 337
(27) Paul I 341–342
(1 year) 		1st restoration; deposed by the Arians
30 Macedonius I 342–346
(4 years) 		Arian and pneumatomachian. Deposed
(27) Paul I 346–351
(5 years) 		2nd restoration; exiled and later killed
(30) Macedonius I c. September 351 – 27 January 360
(8 years, 4 months) 		Restored and deposed
31 Eudoxius (Florentius 27 January 360 – early 370
(10 years) 		Arian
32 Demophilus early 370 – 27 November 380
(10 years) 		Arian; deposed
33 Evagrius early 370
(a few months) 		In opposition to Demophilus; exiled
34 Maximus I the Cynic c. January – May 380
(4 months approx.) 		In opposition to Gregory; anulled in 381
35 St. Gregory of Nazianzus c. May 379 – June 381
(2 years) 		Bishop of the Ortodox; confirmed in 381.
36 St. Nectarius June 381 – 27 September 397
(17 years and 3 months)
37 St. John I Chrysostom 26 September 398 – 20 June 404
(5 years, 9 months and 6 days) 		Exiled; died 14 September 407.
38 St. Arsacius 27 June 404 – 11 November 405
(1 year, 4 months and 15 days)
39 St. Atticus c. March 406 – 10 October 425
(9 years and 7 months)
40 St. Sisinnius I 28 February 426 – 24 December 427
(1 year, 10 months and 25 days)
41 Nestorius 10 April 428 – 11 July 431
(3 years, 3 months and 1 day) 		Founder of Nestorianism; exiled
42 St. Maximianus 25 October 431 – 12 April 434
(2 years, 5 months and 18 days)
43 St. Proclus 13 April 434 – 12 July 446
(12 years and 3 months)
44 St. Flavian July 446 – 11 August 449
(3 years and 1 month)

450–800

[edit]

The Council of Chalcedon (October–November 451), also known as the Fourth Ecumenical council, formally established the equality of the Sees of Rome and Constantinople, which later became part of the Pentarchy of patriarchates.

# Name Tenure Notes
45 St. Anatolius November 449 – 3 July 458
(8 years and 8 months)
46 St. Gennadius August 458 – 20 November 471
(13 years and 3 months)
47 Acacius February 472 – 26 November 489
(17 years and 9 months)
48 Fravitta December 488 – March 489
(3 months)
49 Euphemius c. April 490 – c. June 496
(6 years and ~2 months) 		Deposed and exiled; died c. 515
50 St. Macedonius II July 496 – 11 August 511
(15 years and 1 month) 		Deposed and exiled; died c. 516
51 Timothy I October 511 – 5 April 518
(6 years and 6 months)
52 St. John of Cappadocia 17 April 518 – February 520
(1 year and 10 months)
53 Epiphanius 25 February 520 – 5 June 535
(15 years, 3 months and 10 days)
54 Anthimus I June 535 – March 536
(9 months) 		Deposed, died in 548
55 St. Menas 13 March 536 – 24 August 552
(16 years, 5 months and 11 days)
56 St. Eutychius August 552 – 22/31 January 565
(2 years and 5 months) 		Deposed
57 St. John Scholasticus 31 January 565 – 31 August 577
(12 years and 7 months)
(56) Eutychius 3 October 577 – 5 April 582
(4 years, 6 months and 2 days) 		Restored
58 St. John IV 12 April 582 – 2 September 595
(13 years, 4 months and 10 days) 		First to use the title "Ecumenical"
59 St. Cyriacus II c. February 596 – 29 October 606
(10 years and 8 months)
60 St. Thomas I 23 January 607 – 20 March 610
(3 years, 3 months less 3 days)
61 Sergius I 18 April 610 – 9 December 638
(28 years, 7 months and 21 days)
62 Pyrrhus 20 December 638 – 29 September 641
(2 years, 9 months and 9 days) 		Monothelite; deposed
63 Paul II 1 October 641 – 27 December 653
(12 years, 2 months and 26 days)
(62) Pyrrhus 9 January – 1 June 654
(4 months and 23 days) 		Second term
64 Peter 9 June 654 – c. 12 October 666
(12 years, 4 months and c. 3 days)
65 St. Thomas II 17 April 667 – 15 November 669
(2 years, 7 months less 2 days)
66 St. John V November 669 – August 675
(5 years and 9 months)
67 St. Constantine I 2 September 675 – 9 August 677
(1 year, 11 months and 7 days)
68 St. Theodore I c. August 677 – November 679
(2 years and 3 months) 		Deposed; died in 687
69 St. George I c. November 679 – January 686
(6 years and 2 months) 		Perhaps deposed
(68) Theodore I c. January 686 – 28 December 687
(1 year and 10/11 months months)
70 St. Paul III January 688 – 20 August 693
(5 years and 11 months)
71 St. Callinicus I August 693 – August 705
(12 years) 		Exiled to Rome; died in Nov. 711
72 St. Cyrus September 705 – December 711
(6 years and 3 months) 		Deposed
73 John VI December 712 – July 715
(2 years and 7 months) 		Monothelite
74 St. Germanus I 11 August 715 – 17 January 730
(2 years, 5 months and 6 days) 		Resigned; died in 742
75 Anastasius 22 January 730 – January 754
(14 years) 		Iconoclast
(see Byzantine Iconoclasm)
76 Constantine II 8 August 754 – 30 August 766
(12 years and 22 days) 		Iconoclast; deposed,
died in 7 October 768
77 Nicetas I 16 November 766 – 6 February 780
(13 years, 3 months and 20 days) 		Iconoclast
78 St. Paul IV 20 February 780 – 31 August 784
(4 years, 6 months and 11 days)
79 St. Tarasius 25 December 784 – 18 February 806
(21 years, 2 months and 24 days)

800–1060

[edit]
# Portrait Name Tenure Notes
80 St. Nicephorus I 12 April 806 – 13 March 815
(8 years, 11 months and 1 day) 		Exiled; died in 828,
also an historian
81 Theodotus I
Melissenos Kassiteras 		1 April 815 – c. January 821
(5 years and 9 months) 		Iconoclast
82 Antony I
Kassymatas 		c. January 821 – January 837
(16 years) 		Iconoclast
83 John VII
Morocharzanios
Grammaticus 		21 January 836 – 4 March 843
(7 years, 1 month, 14 days) 		Iconoclast; deposed
84 St. Methodius I 11 March 843 – 14 June 847
(4 years, 3 months and 3 days)
85 St. Ignatius Rangabe 4 July 847 – 23 October 858
(11 years, 3 months and 20 days) 		Son of Emperor Michael I;
deposed
86 St. Photius I the Great 25 December 858 – 23 September 867
(8 years, 9 months less 2 days) 		Deposed
(85) Ignatius I 23 November 867 – 23 October 877
(9 years and 11 months) 		Restored
(86) Photius I 26 October 877 – 29/30 September 886
(8 years, 11 months and 4 days) 		Deposed; died c. 893
87 St. Stephen I
the Macedonian 		18 December 886 – 17/18 May 893
(7 years and 5 months) 		Son of Emperor Basil I;
deposed
88 St. Antony II Kauleas August 893 – 12 February 901
(7 years and 6 months)
89 St. Nicholas I Mystikos 1 March 901 – February 907
(5 years and 11 months) 		Deposed
90 St. Euthymius I Synkellos February 907 – 15 May 912
(5 years and 3 months)
(89) Nicholas I 15 May 912 – 15 May 925
(13 years) 		Restored;
died at the age of 73
91 St. Stephen II 29 June 925 – 18 July 927
(2 years and 20 days)
92 St. Tryphon 14 December 927 – August 931
(3 years and 8 months) 		Deposed
93 Theophylact Lekapenos 2 February 933 – 27 February 956
(23 years and 25 days) 		Son of Emperor Romanos I
94 St. Polyeuctus 3 April 956 – 5 February 970
(13 years, 10 months and 2 days)
95 Basil I Scamandrenus 13 February 970 – c. October 973
(3 years and 8 months) 		Exiled
96 Antony III the Studite December 973 – June 978
(4 years and 6 months) 		Resigned; died in 983
97 St. Nicholas II Chrysoberges April/March 980 – 16 December 991
(11 years and 8/9 months)
98 Sisinnius II 12 April 996 – 24 August 998
(2 years, 4 months and 12 days)
99 St. Sergius II June/July 1001 – July 1019
(18 years) 		Elected after a 4-year
interregnum
100 St. Eustathius July 1019 – November 1025
(6 years and 4 months)
101 Alexius the Studite 15 December 1025 – 20 February 1043
(17 years, 2 months and 5 days)
102 Michael I Cerularius 25 March 1043 – 2 November 1058
(15 years, 7 months and 8 days) 		Exiled;
died on 21 January 1069

In 1054, the Eastern Orthodox Church cut ties to the Roman Catholic Church as a result of the Great East–West Schism.

This page of the iconodule Chludov Psalter illustrates the line "They gave me gall to eat; and when I was thirsty they gave me vinegar to drink" with a picture of a soldier offering Christ vinegar on a sponge attached to a pole. John VII Grammaticus is depicted rubbing out a painting of Christ with a similar sponge attached to a pole. John is caricatured, here as on other pages, with untidy straight hair sticking out in all directions, which was considered ridiculous by the Byzantines.

1060–1204

[edit]
# Name Tenure Notes
103 St. Constantine III Leichoudes 2 February 1059 – 9/10 August 1063
(4 years, 6 months and 8 days)
104 St. John VIII Xiphilinos 1 Janaury 1064 – 2 August 1075
(11 years, 7 months and 1 day) 		Deposed
105 St. Cosmas I the Jerusalemite August 1075 – 8 May 1081
(5 years and 9 months) 		Resigned, died c. 1082
106 Eustratius Garidas May 1081 – July 1084
(3 years and 2 months) 		Deposed
107 Nicholas III Grammaticus August 1084 – April 1111
(26 years and 8 months)
108 John IX Agapetus 24 May 1111 – late April 1134
(22 years and 11 months)
109 St. Leo Styppeiotes May 1134 – January 1143
(8 years and 8 months)
110 St. Michael II Kourkouas July 1143 – March 1146
(2 years and 8 months) 		Resigned
111 Cosmas II Atticus April 1146 – 26 February 1147
(10 months) 		Deposed
112 Nicholas IV Muzalon December 1147 – March/April 1151
(3 years and 3/4 months) 		Resigned, died in 1152
113 Theodotus II [d] 1151 – 1153 (?)
(2 years and 6 months) 		Chronology uncertain[e]
114 Neophytus I 1154 (?)
(a few weeks) 		Resigned after less than a month
115 Constantine IV Chliarenus November 1154 – May 1157
(2 years and 6 months)
116 Luke Chrysoberges August/October 1157 – late 1169
(12 years)
117 Michael III of Anchialus January 1070 – March 1078
(8 years and 2 months)
118 Chariton March/Aug 1078 – Feb/July 1079
(11 months) 		Died after eleven months
119 Theodosius I Boradiotes February/July 1079 – August 1083
(4 years) 		Exiled
120 Basil II Kamateros August 1183 – February 1186
(2 years and 6 months) 		Deposed
121 Nicetas II Mountanes February 1186 – February 1189
(3 years) 		Deposed
122 Dositheus February 1189
(9 days)[12] 		Election anulled;
5th shortest patriarchate
123 Leontius Theotokites March – October 1189
(7 months) 		Deposed
(122) Dositheus October 1189 – 10 September 1191
(1 year and 11 months) 		Restored
124 George II Xiphilinos 10 September 1191 – 7 July 1198
(6 years, 10 months less 3 days)
125 John X Kamateros 5 August 1189 – 12 April 1204
(4 years, 8 months and 7 days)

On 12 April 1024 ocurred the Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders, which led to the stablishment of the Latin Empire. The Latins formed their own patriarchate, while the former patriarch of Constantinople fled to Thrace. The Empire of Nicaea became the seat of the patriarchate in exile until the recovery of Constantinople in 1261.

1204–1261 (in exile)

[edit]
# Name Tenure Notes
125 John X Kamateros 12 April – May 1206
(1 month and a few days) 		Fled to Didymoteicho. Invited to
Nicaea, but refused
126 Michael IV Autoreianos 20 April 1208 – 26 August 1214
(6 years, 4 months and 6 days) 		Moved to Nicaea
127 Theodore II Eirenikos 28 September 1214 – 31 January 1216
(1 year, 4 months and 3 days)
128 Maximus II 3 June – December 1216
(6 months)
129 Manuel I
Karantenos Charitopoulos 		May 1217 – autumn 1222
(5 years)
130 Germanus II 4 January 1223 – June 1240
(17 years and 5 months)
131 Methodius II mid/late 1240
(3 months)
132 Manuel II c. September 1243 – October 1254[f]
(11 years)
133 St. Arsenius Autoreianus November 1254 – Feb/March 1260
(5 years and 3/4 months) 		Deposed; died 1273
134 Nicephorus II c. March 1260 – c. February 1261
(11 months approx.)
(133) St. Arsenius Autoreianus March/June – 15 August 1261
(a few months)

Constantinople was reconquest on 25 July 1261; the Emperor and his court arrived to Constaninople the next month. The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople continued in exile until 1964.

1261–1453

[edit]
# Name Tenure Notes
(133) St. Arsenius Autoreianus 15 August 1261 – May/June 1264
(2 years and 10 months) 		Deposed; died on 30 September 1273
135 Germanus III Markoutzas 28 May 1265 – 14 September 1266
(1 year, 3 months and 17 days) 		Resigned
136 St. Joseph I Galesiotes 1 January 1266[g] – 9 January 1275
(8 years and 8 days) 		Deposed; died 1283
137 John XI Bekkos 2 June 1275[h] – 26 December 1282
(8 years and 12 days) 		Deposed; died 1297
(136) Joseph I 31 December 1282 – 23 March 1283
(2 months and 23 days) 		Restored
138 Gregory II Cyprius 11 April 1283 – June 1289
(6 years and 2 months) 		Resigned; died 1290
139 St. Athanasius I 14 October 1289 – 16 October 1293
(4 years and 2 days)
140 John XII Kosmas 1 January 1294 – 21 June 1303
(9 years, 6 months and 20 days) 		Resigned
(139) Athanasius I 23 June 1303 – c. September 1309
(6 years and a few months) 		Restored; resigned
141 Nephon I 9 May 1310 – 11 April 1314
(3 years, 11 months and 2 days) 		Deposed; died 3 September 1328
142 John XIII Glykys 12 May 1315 – 11 May 1319
(4 years lacking 1 day) 		Resigned
143 Gerasimus I 21 March 1320 – 20 April 1321
(1 year and 30 days)
144 Isaias 11 November 1323 – December 1327
(4 years and 1 month)
24 May 1328 – 13 May 1332
(4 years lacking 19 days) 		Deposed by Emperor Andronikos II;
restored by Andronikos III
145 John XIV Kalekas February 1334 – 2 February 1347
(13 years) 		Deposed; died 29 Dec 1347 (aged 64)
146 Isidore I Buchiras 17 May 1347 – February/March 1350
(2 years and 9 months)
147 St. Callistus I 10 June 1350 – 15 August 1353
(3 years, 2 months and 5 days) 		Deposed; died 1363
148 Philotheus Kokkinos August 1353 – December 1354
(1 year and 4 months)
(147) Callistus I January 1355 – August 1363
(1 year and 4 months) 		Restored
(148) Philotheus Kokkinos 8 February 1364 – c. August 1376
(12 years and 6 months, or more) 		Deposed after the coup of
Andronikos IV; died in 1379
149 Macarius c. June 1377 – July 1379
(2 years and 1 month) 		Deposed after the;
restoration of John V
150 Nilus Kerameus March/April 1380 – 1 February 1388
(7 years and 10/11 months)
151 Antony IV January 1389 – July 1390
(1 year and 6 months) 		Deposed
(149) Macarius 30 July – late September 1390
(2 months or less) 		Deposed after the fall of John VII
(151) Antony IV c. September 1390 – May 1397
(6 years and 8 months) 		Restored
152 St. Callistus II Xanthopoulos 17 May – c. August 1397
(3 months)
153 Matthew I October 1397 – summer 1402
(4 years and a half)
June 1403 – 10 August 1410
(7 years and 2 months) 		Deposed in the absence of
Manuel II; restored on his return
154 Euthymius II (1410–1416) 26 October 1410 – 29 March 1416
(5 years, 5 months and 3 days)
155 Joseph II (1416–1439) 21 May 1416 – 10 June 1439
(23 years, 1 month and 20 days)
156 Metrophanes II (1439–1443) 4 May 1440 – 1 August 1443
(3 years, 2 months and 27 days)
157 Gregory III Mammas (1443–1450) summer 1445 – summer 1450
(5 years) 		Deposed; died 1459
158 Athanasius II (?) summer 1450 (?)
(a few months?) 		Existence contested

On 29 May 1453 occurred the Fall of Constantinople, thus marking the end of the Byzantine Empire. The Ecumenical Patriarchate became subject to the Ottoman Empire.

1453–1466

[edit]
# Name Tenure Notes
159 Gennadius II Scholarios 6 January 1454 – 6 January 1456
(2 years) 		Resigned; died c. 1472
160 Isidore II Xanthopoulos January 1456 – 31 March 1462
(6 years and 2 months)

There are different suggestions by scholars for the succession of the Patriarchs from 1462 to 1466, all of whom resigned. The main positions are the following:

1466–1833

[edit]

The chronology up to the year 1595 is somewhat disputed by authors.

# Name Tenure Notes
165 St. Dionysius I late 1466 – late 1471
(5 years) 		Resigned; died 1492
(164) Symeon I (2nd time) late 1471 – early 1475
(3 years) 		Restored; resigned
166 Raphael I early 1475 – early 1476
(17 years and 9 months) 		Deposed and imprisoned
167 St. Maximus III Christonymos 1476 – 3 April 1482
(6 years or less)
(164) Symeon I (3rd time) April 1482 – autumn 1486
(4 years)
168 Nephon II late 1486 – early 1488
(1 year+) 		Deposed
(165) Dionysius I (2nd time) July 1488 – late 1490
(2 years+) 		Restored; resigned
169 Maximus IV Manasses 1491–1497
(6 years)
(168) Nephon II (2nd time) 1497–1498
(6 years) 		Resigned
170 Joachim I 1498–1502
(4 years) 		Deposed
(168) Nephon II (3rd time) 1502
(briefly) 		Deposed; died 11 August 1508
171 Pachomius I 1503–1504
(1 year) 		Deposed
(170) Joachim I (2nd time) 1504
(briefly)
(171) Pachomius I (2nd time) 1504–1513
(9 years)
172 Theoleptus I 1513–1522
(9 years)
173 St. Jeremias I 31 Dec 1522 – Apr/May 1524
(1 year and 4/5 months) 		Deposed
174 Joannicius I Apr/May 1524 – 24 Sept 1525
(1 year and 4/5 months) 		Deposed
(173) Jeremias I (2nd time) 24 Sept 1525 – 13 Jan 1546
(20 years, 3 months and 20 days)
175 Dionysius II 17 April 1546 – July 1556
(10 years and 3 months)
176 Metrophanes III January/February 1565 – 4 May 1572
(7 years and 2/3 months) 		Resigned
177 Jeremias II Tranos 5 May 1572 – 23 November 1579
(7 years, 6 months and 18 days) 		Resigned
(176) Metrophanes III (2nd time) 25 November 1579 – 9 August 1580
(8 months and 15 days)
(177) Jeremias II (2nd time) August 1580 – 22 February 1584
(7 years and 6 months) 		Deposed and exiled
179 Pachomius II Patestos 22 February 1584 – February 1585
(1 year lacking a few days) 		Deposed
180 Theoleptus II 16 February 1585 – May 1586
(1 year and 3 months) 		Deposed
(177) Jeremias II (3rd time) April 1587 – September 1595
(8 years and 5 months) 		Deposed
181 Matthew II February 1596
(20 days) 		Deposed
182 Gabriel I March – August 1596[i]
(5 months)
183 Theophanes I Karykes February 1597 – 26 March 1597
(6 months)
184 Meletius I Pegas c. 30 March 1597 – March 1598
(11 months) 		Greek Patriarch of Alexandria; resigned;
died on 12 September 1601 (aged 52)
(181) Matthew II (2nd time) April 1598 – c. January 1602
(about 9 months) 		Restored and resigned
185 Neophytus II c. February 1602 – January 1603
(about 11 months) 		Deposed and exiled
(181) Matthew II (3rd time) January – early February 1603
(17 days) 		Died after 17 days
186 Raphael II February 1603 – October 1607
(4 years and 8 months) 		Resigned; died a few months later
(185) Neophytus II (2nd time) 15 October 1607 – October 1612
(5 years) 		Deposed and exiled
187 Cyril I Lucaris October 1612
(21 days) 		Greek Patriarch of Alexandria; resigned
188 Timothy II Marmarinos November 1612 – 3 September 1620
(7 years and 10 months)
(187) Cyril I (2nd time) 4 November 1620 – 12 April 1623
(2 years, 5 months and 8 days) 		Deposed
189 Gregory IV 12 April – 18 June 1623
(2 months and 6 days) 		Deposed and exiled
190 Anthimus II 18 June – 22 September 1623
(3 months and 4 days) 		Resigned
(187) Cyril I (3rd time) 22 September 1623 – 4 Oct 1633
(10 years and 12 days) 		Deposed
191 Cyril II Kontares 4 – 11 October 1633
(7 days) 		Deposed and exiled after a week; 2nd
shortest patriarchate (with Gabriel II)
(187) Cyril I (4th time) 11 October 1633 – 25 February 1634
(10 years and 12 days) 		Deposed
192 Athanasius III Patelaros 25 February – early April 1634
(1 month and a few days) 		Deposed
(187) Cyril I (5th time) April 1634 – March 1635
(11 months) 		Deposed
(191) Cyril II (2nd time) March 1635 – June 1636
(1 year and 3 months) 		Deposed and exiled
193 Neophytus III June 1636 – March 1637
(9 months) 		Resigned
(187) Cyril I (6th time) March 1637 – 20 June 1638
(1 year and 3 months) 		Deposed and killed by the
Janissaries on 27 June 1638 (aged 66)
(191) Cyril II (3rd time) 20 June 1638 – late June 1639
(1 year) 		Deposed and exiled;
arrested on 24 June 1640
194 Parthenius I 1 July 1639 – September 1644
(5 years) 		Deposed and exiled
195 Parthenius II 8 September 1644 – 16 Nov 1646
(2 years, 2 months and 8 days) 		Deposed and exiled
196 Joannicius II Lindios 16 Nov 1646 – 28 October 1648
(1 year, 11 months and 12 days) 		Deposed
(195) Parthenius II (2nd time) 29 October 1648 – 16 May 1651
(2 years, 6 months and 18 days) 		Killed by the Janissaries
(196) Joannicius II (2nd time) June 1651 – June 1652
(1 year) 		Deposed
197 Cyril III Spanos June 1652
(8 days) 		Deposed and exiled;
4th shortest patriarchate
(192) Athanasius III (2nd time) June 1653
(15 days) 		Resigned; died on 5 April 1654;
6th shortest patriarchate
198 Paisius I July 1652 – April 1653
(9 months) 		Resigned
(196) Joannicius II (3rd time) April 1653 – March 1654
(11 months) 		Deposed
(197) Cyril III (2nd time) March 1654
(14 days) 		Deposed and exiled again
(198) Paisus I (2nd time) March 1654 – March 1655
(1 year) 		Deposed
(196) Joannicius II (4th time) March 1655 – July 1656
(1 year and 4 months) 		Deposed; died in 1660
199 St. Parthenius III 26 July 1656 – 24 March 1657
(1 year and 4 months) 		Executed
200 Gabriel II 23 – 30 April 1657
(7 days) 		Deposed; killed on 3 December 1659;
2nd shortest patriarchate (with Cyril II)
201 Parthenius IV Mogilalos 1 May 1657 – June 1662
(5 years and 1 month) 		Resigned
202 Dionysius III (1662–1665) 29 June 1662 – 21 October 1665
(4 years, 3 months and 22 days) 		Deposed, died on 28 August 1696
(201) Parthenius IV (2nd time) 21 October 1665 – 9 September 1667
(1 year, 10 months and 19 days) 		Deposed and exiled
203 Clement 9 September 1667 – 5 Janaury 1668
(3 months and 27 days) 		Bought the position of patriarch;
deposed and exiled
204 Methodius III Maronis 5 January 1668 – March 1671
(3 years and 2 months) 		Resigned
(201) Parthenius IV (3rd time) March – 7 September 1671
(6 months) 		Deposed and exiled
205 Dionysius IV 8 November 1671 – 25 July 1673
(1 year, 8 years and 17 days) 		Deposed
206 Gerasimus II 25 July 1673 – December 1674
(1 year and 5 months) 		Deposed; died 6 February 1689
(201) Parthenius IV (4th time) 1 January 1675 – 29 July 1676
(1 year, 6 months and 28 days) 		Deposed
(205) Dionysius IV (2nd time) 29 July 1676 – 30 July 1679
(3 years and 1 day) 		Deposed
207 Athanasius IV 30 July – 10 August 1679
(11 days) 		Deposed and exiled
208 James 10 August 1679 – 30 July 1682
(2 years, 11 months and 20 days) 		Resigned
(205) Dionysius IV (3rd time) 10 July 1682 – 30 March 1684
(1 year, 8 months and 20 days) 		Resigned
(201) Parthenius IV (5th time) 10 March 1684 – 20 March 1685
(1 year and 10 days) 		Resigned
(208) James (2nd time) 20 March 1685 – March 1686
(1 year) 		Deposed
(205) Dionysius IV (4th time) March 1686 – 17 October 1687
(1 year and 7 months) 		Deposed
(208) James (3rd time) 12 October 1687 – 3 March 1688
(4 months and 22 days) 		Resigned; died March 1690
209 Callinicus II 3 March – 27 November 1688
(8 months and 24 days) 		Deposed
210 Neophytus IV 27 November 1688 – 7 March 1689
(3 months and 10 days) 		Deposed
(209) Callinicus II (2nd time) 7 March 1689 – July 1693
(4 years and 4 months) 		Deposed
(205) Dionysius IV (5th time) August 1693 – April 1694
(8 months) 		Deposed; died 23 September 1696
(209) Callinicus II (3rd time) April 1694 – 8 August 1702
(8 years and 4 months)
211 Gabriel III August 1702 – 17 October 1707
(5 years and 2 months)
212 Neophytus V 20 – 25 October 1707
(5 days) 		... shortest patriarchate; not recognized
by the Sultan
213 Cyprianus 25 October 1707 – May 1709
(2 years) 		Deposed and exiled
214 Athanasius V May 1709 – December 1711
(2 years and 7 months) 		Resigned
215 Cyril IV December 1711 – November 1713
(1 year and 11 months) 		Resigned; died 1728
(213) Cyprianus (2nd) November 1713 – 28 February 1714
(3 months) 		Resigned
216 Cosmas III 28 February 1714 – 23 March 1716
(2 years and 24 days) 		Resigned; died 28 Nov 1736
217 Jeremias III 23 March 1716 – 19 Nov 1726
(10 years, 8 months and 27 days) 		Deposed and exiled
218 Callinicus III 19 – 20 November 1726
(1 day) 		Shortest patriarchate; died the day after
his election. Sometimes not counted.
219 Paisius II Kioumourtzoglou 20 Nov 1726 – Sept 1732
(5 years and 10 months) 		Deposed and exiled
(217) Jeremias III (2nd time) 15 Sept 1732 – March 1733
(6 months) 		Deposed and exiled; died October 1735
220 Seraphim I March 1733 – September 1734
(1 year and 6 months) 		Deposed and exiled
221 Neophytus VI 27 September 1734 – August 1740
(5 years and 11 months) 		Deposed
(219) Paisius II (2nd time) August 1740 – May 1743
(2 years and 9 months) 		Deposed
(221) Neophytus VI (2nd time) May 1743 – March 1744
(11 months) 		Deposed and exiled;
died February/March 1747
(219) Paisius II (3rd time) March 1744 – 28 September 1748
(4 years and 6 months) 		Resigned
222 Cyril V Karakallos 28 September 1748 – May 1751
(2 years and 8 months) 		Deposed
(219) Paisius II (4th time) May 1751 – September 1752
(1 year and 4 months) 		Deposed;
died October/December 1756
(222) Cyril V (2nd time) 7 September 1752 – 16 January 1757
(4 years, 4 months and 9 days) 		Deposed and exiled;
died 27 July 1775
223 Callinicus IV Mavrikios 16 January – 22 July 1757
(6 months and 6 days) 		Deposed and exiled;
died in 1791 (aged 78)
224 Seraphim II Anina 22 July 1757 – 26 March 1761
(3 years, 8 months and 4 days) 		Deposed and exiled;
died in 1781/2
225 Joannicius III Karatzas 26 March 1761 – 21 May 1763
(2 years, 4 months and 27 days) 		Deposed and exiled
226 Samuel Chatzeris 24 May 1763 – 5 November 1768
(5 years, 5 months and 12 days) 		Deposed and exiled
227 Meletius II 5 November 1768 – 11 April 1769
(5 months and 6 days) 		Imprisoned, then deposed and exiled
228 Theodosius II
Christianopoulos 		11 April 1769 – 16 November 1773
(4 years, 7 months and 5 days) 		Deposed
(226) Samuel (2nd time) 17 November 1773 – 24 December 1774
(1 year, 1 month and 7 days) 		Deposed;
died 10 May 1775
229 Sophronius II 24 December 1774 – 8 October 1780
(5 years, 9 months and 15 days) 		Former Patriarch of Jerusalem
230 Gabriel IV 8 October 1780 – 29 June 1785
(4 years, 8 months and 21 days)
231 Procopius Pelekasis 29 June 1785 – 30 April 1789
(3 years, 10 months and 1 day) 		Deposed and exlied;
died 13 March 1812 (aged about 82)
232 Neophytus VII 1 May 1789 – 1 March 1794
(4 years and 10 months) 		Deposed and exlied
233 Gerasimus III 3 March 1794 – 19 April 1797
(3 years, 1 month and 16 days) 		Resigned
234 St. Gregory V Angelopoulos 19 April 1797 – 18 December 1798
(1 year, 7 months and 29 days) 		Deposed and exlied
(232) Neophytus VII (2nd time) 19 December 1798 – 17 June 1801
(2 years, 5 months and 29 days) 		Deposed and exlied
235 Callinicus V 17 June 1801 – 22 September 1806
(5 years, 3 months and 5 days) 		Resigned
(234) Gregory V (2nd time) 23 Sept 1806 – 10 Sept 1808
(2 years lacking 13 days) 		Resigned
(235) Callinicus V (2nd time) 10 Sept 1808 – 23 April 1809
(7 months and 13 days) 		Deposed
236 Jeremias IV 23 April 1809 – 4 March 1813
(4 years and 11 days) 		Resigned; died 5 March 1824
237 Cyril VI Serpentzoglou 4 March 1813 – 13 December 1818
(5 years, 9 months and 9 days) 		Executed on 18 April 1821, aged 46
(see Greek War of Independence)
(234) Gregory V (3rd time) 14 December 1818 – 10 April 1821
(2 years, 2 months and 27 days) 		Deposed and executed;
killed at the age of 75
238 Eugenius II 10 April 1821 – 27 July 1822
(1 year, 3 months and 17 days)

1822–1923

[edit]

Greece, which was recognized as an independent country in 1830, adopted the modern Gregorian calendar in 1923, followed by Turkey in 1926. The difference between the Gregorian and Julian calendars is of 12 days, meaning that some sources may give a different date depending of the calendar used (see also Old Style and New Style dates). The list follows the Julian dates used at the time in Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

# Portrait Name Tenure Notes Lifespan
239 Anthimus III
Άνθιμος Γ΄ 		28 July 1822 – 9 July 1824
(1 year, 11 months and 11 days) 		Deposed and exiled † 13 August 1842
240 Chrysanthus
Χρύσανθος 		9 July 1824 – 26 September 1826
(6 years, 2 months and 18 days) 		Deposed and exiled 1768 – 10 September 1834
(aged 66)
241 Agathangelus
Αγαθάγγελος 		26 September 1826 – 5 July 1830
(3 years, 7 months and 10 days) 		Deposed and exiled † 30 November 1831
242 Constantius I
Κωνστάντιος Α΄ 		6 July 1830 – 18 August 1834
(4 years, 1 month and 12 days) 		Resigned 1770 – 5 January 1859
(aged 89)

On 23 July 1833, the Church of Greece declared itself autocephalous. It was followed by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1864, the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1872, and the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1879, thus reducing the territorial extent of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's jurisdiction.

# Portrait Name Tenure Notes Lifespan
243 – Constantius II
Κωνστάντιος Β΄ 		18 August 1834 – 26 September 1835
(1 year, 1 month and 8 days) 		Deposed 1760 – 17 June 1859
(aged 79)
244 Gregory VI
Fourtouniadis
Γρηγόριος ΣΤ΄ 		27 September 1835 – 20 February 1840
(4 years, 4 months and 24 days) 		Deposed 1798 – 8 June 1881
(aged 83)
245 Anthimus IV
Vamvakis
Άνθιμος Δ΄ 		20 February 1840 – 6 May 1841
(1 year, 2 months and 16 days) 		Deposed 1788 – 1878
(aged 90)
246 – Anthimus V
Chrysafidis
Άνθιμος Ε΄ 		6 May 1841 – 12 June 1842
(1 year, 1 month and 6 days) 		– † 12 June 1842
247 Germanus IV
Γερμανός Δ΄ 		14 June 1842 – 18 April 1845
(2 years, 10 months and 4 days) 		Deposed 1788 – 16 September 1853
(aged 65)
248 – Meletius III
Pangalos
Μελέτιος Γ΄ 		18 April – 28 November 1845
(7 months and 10 days) 		– 1772 – 28 November 1845
(aged 73)
249 Anthimus VI
Joannides
Άνθιμος ΣΤ΄ 		4 December 1845 – 18 October 1848
(2 years, 10 months and 14 days) 		Deposed 1782 – 1878
(aged 96)
(245) Anthimus IV
(2nd time) 		18 October 1848 – 30 October 1852
(4 years and 12 days) 		Deposed 1788 – 1878
(aged 90)
(247) Germanus IV
(2nd time) 		1 November 1852 – 16 September 1853
(10 months and 15 days) 		– 1788 – 16 September 1853
(aged 65)
(249) Anthimus VI
(2nd time) 		24 September 1853 – 21 September 1855
(1 year, 11 months and 28 days) 		Deposed 1782 – 1878
(aged 96)
250 Cyril VII
Κύριλλος Ζ΄ 		21 September 1855 – 1 July 1860
(4 years, 9 months and 10 days) 		Deposed 1800 – 13 March 1872
(aged 72)
251 Joachim II
Kokkodis
Ιωακείμ Β΄ 		4 October 1860 – 9 July 1863
(2 years, 9 months and 5 days) 		Deposed 1802 – 4 August 1878
(aged 76)
252 Sophronius III
Meidantzoglous
Σωφρόνιος Γ΄ 		20 September 1863 – 4 December 1866
(3 years, 2 months and 14 days) 		Resigned 1802 – 22 August 1899
(aged 97)
(244) Gregory VI
(2nd time) 		10 February – 10 June 1871
(4 years and 4 months) 		Resigned 1798 – 8 June 1881
(aged 83)
(249) Anthimus VI
(2nd time) 		5 September 1871 – 30 September 1873
(2 years and 25 days) 		Resigned 1782 – 7 December 1878
(aged 96)
(251) Joachim II
(2nd time) 		23 November 1873 – 4 August 1878
(4 years, 8 months and 12 days) 		1802 – 4 August 1878
(aged 76)
253 Joachim III
Devetzis
Ιωακείμ Γ΄ 		4 October 1878 – 30 March 1884
(5 years, 5 months and 26 days) 		Resigned 1834 – 13 November 1912
(aged 78)
254 Joachim IV
Krousouloudis
Ιωακείμ Δ΄ 		1 October 1884 – 14 November 1886
(2 years, 1 month and 13 days) 		Resigned 1837 – 15 February 1887
(aged 50)
255 Dionysius V
Charitonidis
Διονύσιος Ε΄ 		23 January 1887 – 13 August 1891
(4 years, 6 months and 21 days) 		1820 – 13 August 1891
(aged 71)
256 Neophytus VIII
Papakonstantinou
Νεόφυτος Η΄ 		27 October 1891 – 25 October 1894
(2 years, 11 months and 28 days) 		Resigned 1832 – 9 July 1909
(aged 77)
257 Anthimus VII
Tsatsos
Άνθιμος Ζ΄ 		20 January 1895 – 29 January 1897
(2 years and 9 days) 		Resigned 1832 – 5 December 1913
(aged 77)
258 Constantine V
Valiadis
Άνθιμος Ζ΄ 		2 April 1897 – 27 March 1901
(3 years, 11 months and 25 days) 		Deposed 1833 – 27 February 1914
(aged 81)
(253) Joachim III
(2nd time) 		25 May 1901 – 13 November 1912
(11 years, 5 months and 19 days) 		1834 – 13 November 1912
(aged 78)
259 Germanus V
Kavvakopoulos
Γερμανός Ε΄ 		28 January 1912 – 12 October 1918
(5 years, 8 months and 14 days) 		Resigned 1835 – 19 December 1920
(aged 85)
260 Meletius IV
Metaxakis
Μελέτιος Δ΄ 		25 November 1918 – 20 September 1923
(1 year, 9 months and 26 days) 		Resigned, also
Archbishop of Athens and

Greek Patriarch of Alexandria

1871 – 28 July 1935
(aged 64)

On 24 July 1923, the Ottoman Empire was dissolved and replaced by the Republic of Turkey.

1923–present

[edit]
# Picture Name Tenure Notes Lifespan
261 Gregory VII
Zervoudakis
Γρηγόριος Ζ΄ 		6 December 1923 – 17 November 1924
(11 months and 11 days) 		1855 – 17 November 1924
(aged 69)
262 Constantine VI
Arampoglous
Κωνσταντίνος ΣΤ΄ 		17 December 1924 – 22 May 1925
(5 months and 5 days) 		Resigned after being
deported to Greece 		1859 – 28 November 1930
(aged 71)
263 Basil III Georgiadis
Βασίλειος Γ' 		13 July 1925 – 29 September 1929
(4 years, 2 months and 16 days) 		1846 – 29 September 1929
(aged 83)
264 – Photius II Maniatis
Φώτιος Β' 		7 October 1929 – 29 December 1935
(6 years, 2 months and 22 days) 		1874 – 29 December 1935
(aged 61)
265 Benjamin Kyriakou[j]
Βενιαμίν 		18 January 1936 – 17 February 1946
(10 years and 30 days) 		1871 – 17 February 1946
(aged 75)
266 – Maximus V Vaportzis
Μάξιμος Ε' 		20 February 1946 – 19 October 1948
(2 years, 7 months and 28 days) 		Resigned 1897 – 1 January 1972
(aged 74)
267 Athenagoras Spyrou
Αθηναγόρας 		1 November 1948 – 7 July 1972
(23 years, 8 months and 6 days) 		1886 – 7 July 1972
(aged 86)
268 – Demetrios
Papadopoulos
Δημήτριος 		16 July 1972 – 2 October 1991
(19 years, 2 months and 16 days) 		1914 – 2 October 1991
(aged 77)
269 Bartholomew
Arhondonis
Βαρθολομαίος 		Since 2 November 1991
(33 years, 2 months and 9 days) 		Current patriarch Born in 1940
(aged 84)

Lengths of tenure

[edit]

Longest-reigning patriarchs

  1. Bartholomew (1991–present): 34 years+
  2. Sergius I (610–638): 28 years, 7 months and 21 days.
  3. Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084–1111): 26 years and 8 months
  4. Athenagoras (1948–1972): 23 years, 8 months and 6 days
  5. Joseph II (1416–1439): 23 years, 1 month and 20 days
  6. Theophylact Lekapenos (933–956): 23 years and 25 days
  7. John IX Agapetus (1111–1134): 22 years and 11 months
  8. Tarasios (784–806): 21 years, 2 months and 24 days
  9. Saint Jeremias I (2nd term, 1525–1546): 20 years, 3 months and 20 days
  10. Demetrius (1972–1991): 19 years, 2 months and 16 days

Shortest reigning patriarchs[k]

  1. Callinicus III (19–20 November 1726): 1 day
  2. Neophytus V (20–25 October 1707): 5 days
  3. Cyril II of Constantinople (4–11 October 1633) and Gabriel II (23–30 April 1657): 7 days
  4. Cyril III of Constantinople (June 1652): 8 days
  5. Dositheus of Constantinople (February 1189): 9 days
  6. Athanasius III Patelarios (2nd term, June 1653): 15 days
  7. Matthew II (3rd term, January 1603): 17 days
  8. Matthew II (1st term, February 1596): 20 days
  9. Cyril Lucaris (1st term, October 1612): 21 days
  10. John X of Constantinople (April–May 1206)
  11. Athanasius III (1st term, February–April 1634): 1 month and a few days

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Andrew's legend is not attested before the mid-9th century and was not fully accepted until the mid-11th.[1] The first list of bishops was allegedly written by Dorotheus of Tyre c. 300 AD, but modern scholars have shown that this was a 9th-century forgery. In fact, "there is no evidence of any significant Christian community at Byzantium before Metrophanes of Byzantium... Had there been a pre-Constantinian Christian community in Byzantium, it would have been small and under the jurisdiction of a bishop of a neighboring region".[2] Almost all early sources refer to Metrophanes as the first bishop. His successor Alexander is often called the first archbishop, but this title doesn't appear to have been used before the 5th century.[3] The 10th-century Pseudo-Simeon, probably using an independent source, states that there were indeed bishops before Metrophanes, but only records Philadelphus of Byzantium (under Caracalla), Eugenius I of Byzantium (under Gordian III) and Rufinus of Byzantium (under Numerian). Either way, even if Metrophanes had predecessors (which seems unlikely), their names were not recorded.[1]
  2. ^ Besides the first 25 bishops, some patriarchs like Callinicus III of Constantinople and Athanasius II of Constantinople are sometimes not counted as legitimate holders of the office.
  3. ^ There is some confusion surrounding the titulature of the early bishops. It is often stated that the title of archbishop was adopted shortly after 330.[6] The Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century refers to Nectarius as the first archbishop,[7] while Venance Grumel refers to him as the first patriarch. The Catholic Encyclopedia states that he "may be counted its first patriarch".[8] Socrates' Historia Ecclesiastica (c. 440) indicate that the bishop was already called "patriarch" by his time.[3]
  4. ^ Also known as Theodosius I.[5]
  5. ^ Theodotus II was elected between March 1151 and April 1152, and died between October 1153 and October 1154. His successor Neophytus was elected between October 1153 and November 1154.[12]
  6. ^ Sources do not agree on the exact years for the period 1240-1265.
  7. ^ Elected on 28 December 1265.
  8. ^ Elected on 28 March 1275.
  9. ^ Theophanes Karykes served as patriarch locum tenens until December 1596; after which Meletius Pegas served as patriarch locum tenens until February 1597.
  10. ^ Also recorded as Benjamin Psomas.
  11. ^ The unusual frequency of patriarchs deposed and restored, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, has been noted by contemporaries.[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dvornik, Francis (1958). The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew (PDF). Harvard University Press. pp. 223–264. ISBN 978-0-88402-004-2.
  2. ^ Limberis, Vasiliki (2002). Divine Heiress - The Virgin Mary and the Making of Christian Constantinople. Routledge. pp. 10–15. ISBN 978-1-134-86279-5.
  3. ^ a b ODB, p. 155.
  4. ^ a b Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press. pp. 30–44. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
  5. ^ a b "Κατάλογος Οικουμενικών Πατριαρχών - Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο" [List of Ecumenical Patriarchs] (in Greek). 2019.
  6. ^ Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Encyclopædia Britannica.
  7. ^ Alexander, St., bishop of Byzantium. Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century
  8. ^ Nectarius. Catholic Encyclopedia
  9. ^ "Bishops/Patriarchs of Constantinople". Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  10. ^ ODB, p. 520–523.
  11. ^ Lawler, Jennifer (2015). Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire. McFarland. pp. 327–328. ISBN 978-1-4766-0929-4.
  12. ^ a b Grumel, Venance (1943). "La chronologie des patriarches de Constantinople de 1111 à 1206". Revue des études byzantines. 1: 263. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1943.909. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  13. ^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1950-4652-6.
  14. ^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1950-4652-6.
  15. ^ Clogg, Richard (2013). A Concise History of Greece. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-107-65644-4.

See also

[edit]
[edit]
  • Patriarchate.org, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
  • EC-patr.org List of Ecumenical Patriarchs from the official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ecumenical_patriarchs_of_Constantinople&oldid=1268689027"